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Unit 14 Human Rights Class 12 | Language Development "I am Sorry"- The Hardest Three Words to Say | Compulsory English by Suraj Bhatt
Unit 14: Human Rights [I am Sorry"- The Hardest Three Words to Say]
BEFORE YOU READ
a. Who is Desmond Tutu? What do you know about him?
Answer:
Desmond Mpilo Tutu was a South African Anglican bishop and theologian, known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist. He was Bishop of Johannesburg from 1985 to 1986 and then Archbishop of Cape Town from 1986 to 1996, in both cases being the first black African to hold the position.
b. What do you understand by apartheid policy?
Answer:
By apartheid policy, we mean the policy that governed relations between South Africa's white minority and nonwhite majority for much of the latter half of the 20th century, sanctioning racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against nonwhites.
c. Is forgiveness possible in all cases? If not, what kinds of cases cannot be forgiven?
Answer:
No, forgiveness isn't possible in all cases. Following are the kinds of cases that cannot be forgiven:
▪︎ Murder
▪︎ Rape
▪︎ Torture
WORKING WITH WORDS
A. Pair the following words as opposites.
despair, kind, fresh, strange, normal, fierce, hope, selfish, corrupt, stale, familiar, eccentric, gentle, generous, cruel, honest
Answer:
Despair 》hope
Kind 》cruel
Fresh 》stale
Strange 》familiar
Normal 》 eccentric
Fierce 》gentle
Selfish 》generous
Corrupt 》honest
Examples: willing - willingness; heart - hearty; strength - strengthen
into noun
open-minded, accommodate, rehearse,
transgress, angry, mix
Answers:
open-mindedness
accommodation
rehearsal
transgression
anger
mixture
into adjective
pain, differ, behave, remark, indifference,
thought
Answers:
painless
different
behaviour
remarkable
indifferent
thoughtful
into verb
less, sure, real, glory, power, prison
Answers:
lessen
assured
realise
glorified
powered
prisoned
C. Pronounce the following words with the help of a dictionary.
a. viewer, sure, cure, fluent, poor, affluence, flower, curious, tourist, allowance, usual, intellectual, visual, mature, endure
Answers:
viewer 》 /'vjuːər/
sure 》/ʃʊə/
cure 》/kjɜː(ɹ)/
fluent 》/ˈfluːənt/
poor 》/pʊə(ɹ)/
affluence 》/ˈæf.lu.əns/
flower 》/ˈflaʊ.ə/
curious 》/ˈkjʊə.ɹi.əs/
tourist 》 /ˈtʊəɹɪst/
allowance 》/əˈlaʊəns/
usual 》 /ˈjuːʒʊəl/
intellectual 》/ˌɪntəˈlɛk(t)ʃʊəl/
visual 》 /ˈvɪʒʊəl/
mature 》 /məˈtjʊə/
endure 》/ɪnˈdjʊə̯(ɹ)/
b. join, coin, boy, voice, noise, soil, hoist, moist, avoid, toy, toilet, annoy, enjoy, poison
Answers:
join 》/ˈdʒɔɪn/
coin 》 /kɔɪn/
boy 》 /bɔɪ/
voice 》 /vɔɪs/
noise 》/nɔɪz/
soil 》 /sɔɪl/
hoist 》 /hɔɪst/
moist 》 /mɔɪst/
avoid 》/əˈvɔɪd/
toy 》/tɔɪ/
toilet 》 /ˈtɔɪ.lət/
annoy 》/əˈnɔɪ/
enjoy 》/ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ/
poison 》/ˈpɔɪz(ə)n/
COMPREHENSION
A. Write True or False after each statement. Give reason for your answer.
a. The author says his father was an ideal person in the family.
》False
b. The author wanted to forgive his father but he did not get an opportunity.
》False
c. It’s worth forgiving a person if he/she realizes his/her mistakes.
》True
d. South Africa had dual type of education system in the 1960s.
》True
e. The author lived in a joint family.
》False
f. The author regretted for not getting a chance to talk to his father.
》True
g. According to the author, all our glories and splendours are short-lived.
》True
B. Answer the following questions.
a. How does the author remember his family environment when he was a small boy?
Answer:
The author remembers his family environment in a very embarrassing way. When he was a small boy, his father used to create domestic violence by abusing his mother both verbally and physically so many nights being drunk. He remembers the fear in his mother's eyes along with disparity.
b. Why does the author blame system more than his father?
Answer:
The author blames the system more than his father because his father experienced the stresses, pressures, and traumas most of the time due to the system from which he was unable to get rid.
c. How does the principle of forgiveness work?
Answer:
The principle of forgiveness works as a form of self-interest. Forgiveness isn't dependent on the actions of others. Forgiving others doesn't mean helping others. We don't forgive for others but forgive for ourselves. It is the best form of self-interest.
d. How does the author interpret the noises, squalls and tantrums of his children?
Answer:
The author interprets the noises, squalls, and tantrums of his children as the whole catalogue of the failures, irritations, disturbances and fatigue thoughts etc. for the parents.
e. Why did the author decide to educate his children in Swaziland?
Answer:
The author decided to educate his children in Swaziland because of the Bantu Education system. When the government instituted that inferior education for black children, both the author and his wife decided that their children would not be subjected to that brainwashing education system passed in South Africa.
f. How does the author define human life?
Answer:
The author describes human life as a great mixture of goodness, beauty, cruelty, heartbreak, indifference, love and so much more.
g. According to the author, is it heredity or environment that shapes a man's character? Explain.
Answer:
According to the author, it is the environment that shapes the character of the man in the sense that no one is born as a liar or a rapist or a terrorist. It is the situation and environment that motivate people to do such activities in life.
h. Why is forgiveness important in our life?
Answer:
Forgiveness is important in our life because it eases our pain, reduces our stress levels, helps to recognize the pain in others.
Read 👉 One-act Play The Bull by Bhimnidhi Tiwari Summary and Solution
CRITICAL THINKING
a. Desmond Tutu once said, “Forgiving is not forgetting; it’s actually remembering–remembering and not using your right to hit back. It’s a second chance for a new beginning.” Does this quotation apply to this text? Analyze.
Answer:
Yes, this quotation applies to this text. This is one of the famous quotations of Archbishop Desmond Tutu.
"Forgiving is not forgetting; it is actually remembering-remembering and not using your right to hit back. It's a second chance for a new beginning."
Forgiveness is a conscious, deliberate decision to release feelings of resentment or vengeance toward a person or group who has harmed you, regardless of whether they actually deserve your forgiveness. ... Forgiveness does not mean forgetting, nor does it mean condoning or excusing offences.
The concept of forgiveness is the best way through which we can remember the particular person and the event expecting positive things being calm. It's away from the concept of harming the person using our rights after forgiving him/her. Forgiveness always helps us in mending a damaged relationship. It provides us with mental and heartily peace and relief and frees us from our distant anger. It erases negative feelings from our minds and heart and provides us with a chance for a fresh start to move on happily. Forgiveness means allowing the offender to correct himself/herself. It is not forgetting means taking careful action to avoid committing such mistakes in the future. We have to learn lessons from that person or event. While forgiving, we must learn a lesson from that person or incident. We have to remember that our similar acts might hurt others.
Here in this text, Desmond Tutu remembers the pain which his father had given to his mother. He remembers the domestic violence of his father, his mother's fear as well as his anger towards his father. At a small age, he wanted to hurt back his father. But he later forgave his father, saying that his father's rude behaviour was due to the mistreatment of black people by white people in South Africa. Many years later, Desmond realized the meaning of forgiveness and wanted to forgive his father but unfortunately, his father was no more. Forgiving is letting a second chance for a new beginning for both parties.
b. The author interprets ‘I am sorry’ as three hardest words to say. How does it apply to your life?
Answer:
Human beings are seen doing mistakes in their day to day lives. In the present time, most people are doing the wrong deeds against others due to their ego, selfishness and pride. Due to this ego, selfishness and pride, humans have been alienated from each other. The showy concept of humanity is seen among them but the reality is far different from it.
Modern People who lack empathy rarely accept the feelings of others. The apology itself is very much important as forgiving. Both concepts relive our minds and hearts but very few people accept these concepts in this modern world. As we know, asking for an apology is the best way to mend broken relationships but the feeling of shame, humiliation, pride and superiority etc prevent us from making an apology for our bad deeds. In the lives of modern people, still, there is a lack of awareness. People are ready to harm others but they are not ready to make a settlement through making the apology. Nobody wants to be inferior in front of others. Even the wrongdoers claim themself saints and try to fight to prove themselves right. There are very few chances of uttering the apology words by the people in this modern world.
As in my case, I never compromise with the people whom I don't like. I have never applied these words in my life before. It's difficult for me to say "I'm sorry" to those people with whom I fought or involved in hot debates. I'm too filled with ego and pride and never try to be inferior in front of others. I have experienced most cases where people haven't realized their mistakes though they have actually done the mistakes. I don't prefer to mess with others but these three words have never worked for me as I haven't applied these words for others. I really feel uncomfortable applying these words in my life.
WRITING
The author talks about dual education system based on race in South Africa in the second half of the twentieth century. We also have private schools and public schools in Nepal. What should be done to make education equal to all citizens of Nepal? Write a couple of paragraphs expressing your views.
Answer:
Private and Public Schools in Nepal
In Nepal, two types of schooling are in practice at present as private and public schools. In terms of government funding, public schools get fine funding and they are totally different from the Bantu Education system in South Africa. We find varieties of differences in these schooling sectors. People have different opinions regarding these two kinds of schools in Nepal. We find unexpected differences between private schools and government based schools. There is much funding by the government in the community schools, but the conditions of the school and quality of education are so worse. There is still debate among the citizens of Nepal whether education should be privatised or not. In the matter of schooling kids, we find two categories of guardians. People with good and average economic status always try to admit their kids to private schools whereas poor people's kids join government schools. The education system has provided opportunities to all the kids to get an education from schools. In the matter of providing equal education in Nepal, it is still a big challenge.
Everyone has the right to equal education. Equal educational opportunities in the nation are essential for the overall development of the country providing equal resources, opportunities and treatment to every student. For this, not only equality but impartiality should also be practised in the field of education. Public schools should start educating children through the English medium as well. There should be proper supervision and monitoring of government and private schools. Teacher motivation should be higher in government schools as it is in private schools. The pressure of parents on public schools is to increase for the betterment of the students and the schools. Proper training and high observation should be organized in public schools to upgrade the quality of education among the students.
There should be a single system of education. Education should be equal to either rich or poor. There should not be bias in education. All children have the right to get an equal education. I think all schools should be regulated by the government. There should not be a division between public and private schools in our country.
GRAMMAR
Connectives
Past Simple and Past Continuous tenses are used in a single sentence to talk about past events and the circumstances in which they took place when and while are used to link events and circumstances.
Read the following structures:
CIRCUMSTANCE + when + EVENT 》I was having lunch when he walked in.
EVENT+ while + CIRCUMSTANCE 》He walked in while I was having lunch.
A. Join the following pairs of sentences using when and while.
a Bibha Kumari was doing her homework. The doorbell rang.
Answers:
》Bibha Kumari was doing her homework when the doorbell rang.
》The doorbell rang while Bibha Kumari was doing her homework.
b. I heard the telephone ring. I picked it up.
Answers:
》I heard the telephone ring when I picked it up.
c. Dil Maya found a thousand rupee note. She was washing her pants.
Answers:
》Dil Maya was washing her pants when she found a thousand rupee note.
》Dil Maya found a thousand rupee note while she was washing her pants.
d. Tenjing gave his measurements to the dressmaker. He was visiting the market yesterday.
Answers:
》Tenjing was visiting the market yesterday when he gave his measurement to the dressmaker.
》Tenjing gave his measurement to the dressmaker while he was visiting the market yesterday.
e. I was at the butcher’s shop. I met Harikala.
Answers:
》I was at the butcher's shop when I met Harikala.
》I met Harikala while I was at the butcher's shop.
f. The sales agent was dealing with the customer. A thief stole the jewels.
Answers:
》The sales agent was dealing with the customer when a thief stole the jewels.
》A thief stole the jewels while the sales agent was dealing with the customer.
g. My small brother was sleeping. I played chess with my father.
Answers:
》My small brother was sleeping when I played chess with my father.
》I played chess with my father while my small brother was sleeping.
h. The old lady fell down. She was climbing up the stairs.
Answers:
》The old lady was climbing up the stairs when she fell down.
》The old lady fell down while she was climbing up the stairs.
i. The leader was giving a speech loudly. He lost his voice.
Answers:
》The leader was giving a speech loudly when he lost his voice.
》The leader lost his voice while he was giving a speech loudly.
j. Kanchan broke her backbone. She was lifting up the load.
Answers:
》Kanchan broke her backbone when she was lifting up the load.
》While Kanchan was lifting up the load she broke her backbone.
B. Study the following sentences.
a. I know my father caused pain because he himself was in pain.
b. All of us share the core qualities of our human nature and so sometimes we are generous and sometimes selfish.
c. My father has long since died, but if I could speak to him today, I would want to tell him that I had forgiven him. Now, fill in the blanks with one of the connectives from the box.
so, because, as, since, due to, owing to, because of
a. We didn’t go for a morning walk today …………… it was raining
》as
b. I wanted to go home early …………… I was not feeling well.
》because
c. My brother stayed at home ……………… his illness.
》because of
d. I was late in the class ……………….. traffic jam.
》because of
e. He didn’t like dogs ……………. he was not happy when his wife brought a puppy home.
》as
f. He was not included in the team ………….. his knee injury.
》due to
g. …………… I was tired, I went to bed early.
》As
h. He was very unhappy …………. he lost one million rupees in share market.
》because
i. We cancelled our trip to Rara Lake …………………… the bad weather.
》due to
j. These two lines intersect with each other. …………… they are not parallel lines.
》because
SPEAKING
Criticising
A. Observe how Anil’s room looks.
The room is messy.
Things are scattered on the floor.
The table is filthy.
He hangs the washing on a line in the room.
He doesn’t make his bed.
He doesn’t sweep the floor.
He rarely dusts the furniture.
He is indolent.
Now, discuss in groups. What should (or shouldn’t) he do?
B. Work in groups. Have similar conversations about the following people as in the example.
Example: Anu always fails her exams.
Sanket: Anu always fails her exams.
Muskan: It’s her own fault. She should have been regular to the class.
Ramila: She should have taken tuition classes.
Ankit: And, she shouldn’t have watched TV a lot.
a. Kailash was bitten by a dog.
Answer:
Ram: Kailash was bitten by a dog.
Hari: It's his own fault. He shouldn't have pulled its tail.
Rames: He should have played away from the dog.
Shyam: And, he shouldn't have teased the dog.
b. Gaurav was short of sleep.
Answer:
Hari: Gaurav was short of sleep.
Ram: It's his own fault. He should have managed his time for sleeping.
Shyam: He shouldn't have watched the movie unit 4 morning.
Rami: And, he shouldn't have worked a lot.
c. Sabina hit the lamppost while she was driving.
Answer:
Jane: Sabina hit the lamppost while she was driving.
Seena: It's her own fault. She should have drunk limited.
Simran: She shouldn't have spent much time at that party.
Jasmine: And, she shouldn't have driven her car so fast.
d. Kriti couldn’t submit her project on time.
Answer:
Maya: Kriti couldn’t submit her project on time.
Deena: It's her own fault. She should have done her project managing her time.
Reema: She shouldn't have wasted her time with John.
Seema: And, she shouldn't have been careless about her project.
e. Chhiring got COVID - 19.
Answer:
Rama: Chhiring got COVID -19.
Roji: It's her own fault. She should have been away from the crowd.
Tasi: She shouldn't have engaged herself in social works.
Jiya: And, she shouldn't have met the patients in the hospital.
f. Lunibha was scolded by her parents.
Answer:
Rama: Lunibha was scolded by her parents.
Jane: It's her own fault. She should have come home in time.
Sita: She shouldn't have gone to the cinema with her boyfriend.
Radha: And, she shouldn't have lied to her parents.
g. Abdul got a huge loss in his business.
Answer:
Wasim: Abdul got a huge loss in his business.
Iqbal: It's his own fault. He should have invested in the right raw materials.
Akram: He shouldn't have manufactured duplicate products.
Jahir: And, he shouldn't have distributed the products without inspection.
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