Soft Storm Exercise Class 12 English: Question Answers | Abhi Subedi

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             Section 2: Literature (Poems)

        Soft Storm Exercise | Abhi Subedi 

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                  Class 12 English Guide

Soft Storm by Abhi Subedi

MAIN INTRODUCTION 

Soft Storm by Abhi Subedi

Write a short introduction of the poem "Soft Storm" by Abhi Subedi.

Soft Storm is a meaningful and sensitive poem by Nepali poet Abhi Subedi, published in 1996 in Chasing Dreams: Kathmandu Odyssey. The poet, through an ordinary Nepali speaker, reflects on the absurdities of tumultous times with compassion. The poem is based on the speaker’s observations, satirizing negative aspects and people in his place, highlighting the harsh reality of Kathmandu’s nights.

Today, I have brought you the final poem from your NEB Class 12 English syllabus. Soft Storm is the longest poem in your curriculum and one of the most important for exams. I request you to read this important article fully.

This emotional and meaningful poem, Soft Storm, is a sensitive work by Nepali poet Abhi Subedi, published in 1996 in Chasing Dreams: Kathmandu Odyssey. In this poem, Subedi, through an ordinary Nepali man or a speaker, reflects deeply on the absurdities of tumultous times in Nepal with a touch of compassion. Let’s dive into the poem’s title, setting, narration, themes, and stanza-by-stanza analysis.

TITLE: SOFT STORM  

The title Soft Storm is the poem’s central symbol. It represents the speaker’s gentle yet powerful thoughts - an intense but calm emotional upheaval that hints at the potential for social change.

SETTING  

The poem is set in the Kathmandu Valley, particularly at night during the time of Nepal’s Maoist insurgency. Kathmandu is depicted as a “seamless city” where everything is out of control. Crimes happen openly, and social and political disorder prevails. Fear and terror are everywhere. The evening moon acts as a witness to this chaotic land.

NARRTION  

The speaker, an ordinary Nepali man, narrates the poem in the first person, observing the chaotic night-time scenes in this “seamless city”. He is both mentally and physically distressed, reflecting the pain of the insurgency period. The entire poem is based on his observations and analysis, presenting the bitter reality of Nepal and its people. He uses the word “soft” repeatedly to express his emotions like fear, sorrow, anger and pity in various situations, such as social disorder, political meaninglessness, polluted and uncontrolled Kathmandu, distant relationships among people, the condition of children and mothers, crime, poverty, suffering, oppression, and false promises. He satirizes these negative aspects and the people of his place, where law exists but order does not, highlighting the harsh reality of Kathmandu’s nights.

MAIN THEMES 

The main themes of Soft Storm include social disorder, human sensitivity and hope in hard times.

MAIN MESSAGE  

The poem delivers a powerful message: We must maintain sensitivity and hope even in hard times.

WRITING TECHNIQUE 

The poet uses free verse with nine stanzas of irregular lines and no rhyming scheme. The speaker’s repeated line “I became soft” creates a musical rhythm. Symbolic language, satire and natural imagery make the poem deep and emotional.

SUMMARY  

Let’s move to the summary of this meaningful poem. I’ll explain the meaning and analysis of all nine stanzas. 

First Stanza

The first stanza has 21 lines. The speaker, an ordinary Nepali man, expresses his mixed emotions about violence, mysterious silence, faint hope and the pollution and social disorder of this chaotic city. He says, “I became soft”, which means he feels fear or sorrow. He is dissatisfied with the violent uproar and the mysterious silence that follows. In this city, anything can happen anytime - violence may erupt suddenly, or the mysterious silence after it creates fear. He becomes soft (fearful and sad) because unpleasant events can occur, leaving people physically and mentally distressed. This is the root cause of social disorder. He fears being part of this violence and mysterious silence, where crimes can happen anytime.

His softness is innate, but there’s a big difference between his natural softness and the current softness caused by fear and sorrow. When he sees the sky growing like a crocus flower over the stone of this land, five inches tall, he considers it a small sign of hope. In this tense land, this faint hope shines like a ray of light, but the land’s bad condition makes him sad again. The poet uses a simile here, comparing the sky to a crocus flower using “like”. This small ray of hope (a flower blooming on stone) reflects the emotional struggle of the insurgency period. Even in tough times, a small hope can have a big impact. Connecting the sky (a symbol of hope and life) to the stone of this land signifies hope.

He sees crocus flowers (small Iris-family flowers) blooming on stones, symbolizing hope in tough times. This small growth is described ironically, indicating renewal in Kathmandu’s chaotic land. These flowers bloom against the city’s disorder, showing resilience. Later, he sees the evening moon descending, and its beautiful rays fall on the walls of people’s houses, speaking of the city’s social negativities. These negativities - meaninglessness, so-called political aspects, propaganda posters on walls, arguments and customs - are visible everywhere. He feels disappointed and sad seeing these in his people. His softness grows like a gale (a storm), and he becomes mentally disturbed by this social disorder. Another simile is used here, comparing his softness to a gale using “like”. He then describes the city’s pollution. The moon, through songs, tells the story of old streetlights and stinking drains in this seamless city. Seeing this pollution, he feels disappointed, and the moon satirizes it through songs.

In this stanza, the poet presents the city’s disorder, faint hope, social negativities and pollution through the speaker’s perspective.

Second Stanza

The second stanza has 11 lines. The speaker becomes soft again, means he feels sorrow. He is doubly sad due to social absurdities. Seeing the pitiful condition of homeless and hungry children in a glamorous and rich city like Thamel, he says, “I became soft” (sad). At Keshar Mahal, known as the “Garden of Dreams” he hears the cries of hungry children under trees where blood-sucking bats live. Look at these children’s fate! Even in this rich and dazzling city, children are helpless, spending sorrowful nights. This scene deeply saddens him. People in this city have plenty of money but no pity, love, or humanity. He is sad seeing the lack of humanity in so-called rich people. He feels distressed hearing the cries of innocent, hungry children. 

These lines satirize how people are rich but lack humanity.

Question: Describe the depiction of poor children in the poem.

Answer: In Soft Storm, poor children are depicted in Thamel’s Keshar Mahal, a rich and glamorous area, as hungry, homeless, and helpless. They cry under trees where blood-sucking bats live, symbolizing their pitiful fate and society’s neglect.

The speaker says that he returns from melee, an atmosphere of unrest and disorder. In this shameless city, he finds traditions being crushed. The word “ceremony” can mean traditions in a deeper sense. In this chaotic place, traditions dance with mad steps in the unwedded gardens of history, growing disorderly around stuck stones. These lines suggest that bad traditions have not spared even the sacred gardens of history. Seeing bad traditions trample the sacred land, values and stories of history, he feels sad. These unwedded gardens of history are far from stability and neglected. The growth of bad traditions and the decline of values make him sad. The mad steps growing disorderly around stones indicate the city’s instability.

In this stanza, the speaker expresses sorrow over the pitiful condition of children, the rise of bad traditions and the crushing of sacred history.

Question: What is meant by “unwedded gardens of history”?

Answer: “Unwed gardens of history” refers to a sacred land where historical values, stories and cultural heritage bloom like flowers but are neglected by society. These values are unstable as bad traditions and disorder weaken them.

Third Stanza

The third stanza has 10 lines. The speaker becomes soft twice - once in despair and once in anger. Initially, he expresses an ordinary Nepali’s despair. He says, “I have various emotions about negativities like hunger, homelessness and social disorder”. Seeing these, he feels mentally despairing, like any Nepali. While an ordinary Nepali may be mentally distressed, he cannot fight these negativities alone. The speaker uses a white sheet to calm his despair and anger, writing about these social negativities. He tries to soothe himself through writing. These lines depict his mental despair and pain as an ordinary Nepali. Later, he becomes soft seeing a small, lonely boy, and this softness includes a storm (anger). Seeing this boy with a radio transistor around his neck, crying while searching for his mother in the violent streets of history, he says, “I became angry”. This scene reflects the bitter truth of this seamless city, where poverty has led some mothers to disappear or engage in criminal activities. Due to poverty and hunger, some sell their bodies to feed their children, becoming victims of poverty or crime. This shows the impact of the insurgency on people’s lives.

In this stanza, the speaker presents his mental distress and the bitter truth of poverty in this chaotic city.

Question: Why was the lonely boy wailing?

Answer: The lonely boy was wailing due to poverty and the absence of his mother in the violent streets of history, reflecting the bitter truth of the insurgency period.

Fourth Stanza

The fourth stanza has 7 lines. It depicts the criminal activities in this seamless city, which are highly inhumane. The speaker sees a man being brutally beaten by an unknown group of criminals in front of his family for no reason. He calls this a “no sensible time” or “mad time”, which means an unsafe time where crimes happen fearlessly. This scene reflects the chaotic city where human life has no guarantee, and criminals act without fear. He says, “I become soft storm” seeing people commit such inhumane acts against others.

In this stanza, the speaker expresses anger against the inhumane crimes in this unrestrained city.

Question: Why does the poet call our time a “mad time”?

Answer: The speaker calls our time a “mad time” because it is chaotic and unsafe land, where crimes and inhumane acts happen fearlessly.

Fifth Stanza

The fifth stanza has 11 lines. It depicts another criminal event, making the speaker soft (sad) again. This stanza highlights the lack of humanity in the city’s people. Under the moonlight, in a far corner of this chaotic city, he sees a blood-stained shirt - a severely injured person. This person, with wounded lips, screams into the ears of the motherland (earth). His cry of pain goes unheard, and he begs for help, but the people are indifferent. No one cares about his pain. The land under the moon is a land of history and dreams, but its people are far from humanity. Everyone is pretentious, living selfishly in their so-called lives. They have no feelings for others’ lives. In this chaotic human time, people play a game of hide-and-seek in an open museum of disorder.

In this stanza, the speaker expresses sorrow over the lack of humanity in people.

Sixth Stanza

The sixth stanza has 6 lines. The speaker becomes soft (sad) due to the false promises of the land’s people. This is a land of promises where many pledges are made for people’s welfare, but he feels bad seeing people make promises they don’t keep. He refers to leaders during the insurgency who spread disorder with promises but didn’t wait for the consequences. These false promises had a negative impact on this peaceful land (Nepal). He says, “I feel soft (sad) and helpless” due to this system.

In this stanza, the speaker expresses dissatisfaction with the leaders’ false promises.

Seventh Stanza

The seventh stanza has 19 lines. The speaker recalls a moonlit night when he saw a crocus flower growing on a stone, a symbol of hope and struggle in Nepal, still alive after the insurgency. Narrow streets are entangled with storms, referring to the chaotic streets of this seamless city. He says, “I walk alone in these streets, thoughtful in the rain’s tears”, finding momentary hope like the sun’s smile, which rises and melts like a rainbow. This is a sign of faint hope in this chaotic land. But he calls his softness a storm, becoming violent. His anger grows due to:

Silent pages (unwritten history),

Silent stones (wounded land),

Single shirts carrying memories of war (marks of violence),

The destruction of gods’ temples (cultural loss),

Dances and songs (Nepali culture) buried under divine debris in human courtyards.

These make his soft storm violent, as he says, “I am sad about Nepal’s destruction and helplessness”.

In this stanza, the speaker presents his hope and growing anger (soft storm).

Eighth Stanza

The eighth stanza has 15 lines. The speaker explains his softness and the reasons behind his soft storm, which stresses him. He says to his people, “The softness you see in me is the same”. He respects the moonlit eyes of his people, honoring hope in this chaotic city. But this unsafe, chaotic time has affected everything. Due to this disorder, everything we see and live is ruined. In this land of disorder, everything seems upside-down:

Flowers grow on stones.

The silent moon sings like a human.

History runs under old streetlights and barren land.

Birds sing of strange journeys over this warm land.

Rhododendrons bloom in winter.

Nature reflects social disorder. These abnormalities create his soft storm, as he explains.

In this stanza, the speaker honours people’s hope and explains the root cause of his soft storm.

Ninth Stanza

The ninth stanza has 6 lines. The speaker addresses the conflicting parties - government, Maoist fighters and chaotic people. He says, “I find hope in my heart but feel weak”. The first line, “In these hard times” refers to Nepal’s Maoist insurgency. He says, “I want to melt like a rainbow”, that means he wishes to inspire the conflicting parties with colourful, beautiful hope despite feeling powerless. “My soft storm in their small sky” suggests his desire to change the narrow mindset of the conflicting parties. Repeating “my soft storm” emphasizes his impact. The last two lines, “It dances in ripples or waves” and “In their uneasy or restless lake,” show his hope that his poem can bring waves of peace to the conflicting parties’ restless minds or society, like a rainbow colouring the sky.

In this stanza, the speaker, despite feeling powerless, expresses his desire to change this chaotic society and people with hope.

Question: What does the poet want to do in “hard times”?

Answer: In hard times, the speaker wants to inspire hope and sensitivity. He aims to change the chaotic society with his soft storm.

Question: When does the speaker become soft? List the occasions.

Answer: The speaker becomes soft seeing violence, social disorder, the sorrow of hungry and homeless children, lack of humanity, bad traditions and false promises. These cause fear, sorrow, despair and anger within him.

CONCLUSION 

In this way, Abhi Subedi’s poem Soft Storm presents the chaotic and unsafe times of the Maoist insurgency and expresses the various emotions in the heart of an ordinary Nepali man.

SHORT SUMMARY 

Soft Storm by Abhi Subedi

Write a short summary of the poem "Soft Storm" by Abhi Subedi. 

"Soft Storm" is a poem by Abhi Subedi, a poet, playwright and critic. This poem explores the absurdities of tumultuous times. The poem is based on the speaker's observation of the nighttime in Kathmandu Valley, features nine irregular stanzas with a rhythmic melody. The speaker expresses sadness and aggression towards the negative aspects of his surroundings, highlighting the bitter reality of his country and its people. The term "soft" refers to the speaker's sadness and aggression, showcasing the harsh realities of his time.

The speaker expresses dissatisfaction with violence and mysterious calmness in a lawless city, fearing the disorder in his surroundings. He believes his softness is due to birth and feels good about the beautiful sky, but feels bad to find anarchism on his lawless land.

The speaker describes the natural disorder in a land with flowers blooming over stone, but the nighttime moon's rays reflect social negativity in society. The speaker grows soft and becomes mentally disturbed by environmental disorders and pollution. The moon's song expresses the story of old lampposts and odorous gutters, making the speaker feel ashamed to explore the actual state of the seamless land.

The speaker experiences the miserable conditions of homeless and hungry children in Thamel, while Kathmandu's rich people seem indifferent to them. The speaker becomes soft when he returns from a confusing state, unsure if it's a celebration or hunger, and finds a mad step ceremony in the unwed garden of history, surrounded by protruded rocks.

The speaker becomes soft and expresses his feelings on white sheets, expressing his dissatisfaction with the negativity prevalent in Nepalese society. He finds the negative aspects of society as being alone and finds no proper place to express his feelings, reflecting the dissatisfaction of Nepalese people.

The speaker becomes soft when he sees a forlorn child with a violent history searching for his missing mother. The scene highlights the harsh reality of a barbaric land where mothers and sisters indulge in illegal activities, often becoming victims of poverty or crime.

The speaker becomes soft again, seeing an illegal act in his surroundings, including a man being mercilessly beaten by unknown criminals in front of his family. This scene reflects a lawless land with no security and fearless crime.

The speaker describes a wounded man on a barbaric land under the moon, where people are indifferent and selfish. The land is a place of history and dreams, but people are living their hidden lives, playing hide and seek in open museums. The speaker highlights the lack of a concept of humanity and the fake masks, people wear to live their lives.

The speaker expresses his dissatisfaction with leaders who ignore promises for the welfare of the people, claiming they are deceiving and unfulfilled. He warns of the consequences of their actions, mentioning storms and their divine play, Leela, which symbolises the deception against the common Nepali people in this land of silent stone.

The speaker discusses a storm of anger that has transformed from disparity into hopeful aspects of his land. He describes seeing crocuses over stones, walking alone in rain, and the sun rising and forming a rainbow. Despite the problems, there is hope for good aspects. His anger grows against silent pages, stones, deserted shirts and ruined gods' dwellings, which make him angry. The speaker's inner storm continues to grow, highlighting the importance of transformation and hope.

The speaker discusses the violence and disorder in his place, blaming it on a mad time that has negatively impacted everything. He respects the moonlight that falls on the land but believes that the land is filled with negative aspects such as flowers growing over stones, the moon singing its history, birds singing bizarre journeys, and the earth singing about fear and calmness.

The speaker expresses his desire to melt like a rainbow in difficult times, observing and criticising the flaws of the people in a barbaric land, expressing his soft storm in the sky, and dancing in an uneasy lake.

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POEMS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS' SOLUTION PACK

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 

Soft Storm by Abhi Subedi

Soft Storm Exercise

BEFORE READING

Answer the following questions.

a. Have you ever grown sad/happy observing things around you? 

Answer:

Yes, I have grown happy as well as sad observing things around me. It depends on the conditions, which direct my emotions in different ways.

b. Point out three things you are not happy about within your surroundings.

Answer:

Following are the three things I'm not happy about in my surroundings:

1. Seeing people who waste their time on useless gossip about politics

2. Seeing protests by people and vandalism in the city.

3. Finding miserable conditions for poor people in different places.

UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT 

Answer the following questions. 

a. When does the speaker grow soft? Enlist the occasions when he grows soft. 

Answer:

The speaker grows soft on various occasions. Following are some of the occasions when he grows soft:

1. After he hears the tumult and crashes on the mysterious stillness. 

2. When the sky grows like the flowers over the stones and grows five inches taller.

3. When moon skids down on the walls speaking the language of posters, politics, rituals and reasons. 

4. When the moon sings of lampposts and gutters in the seamless city. 

5.  When he sees homeless children crying with hunger.

6. When he sees ceremony dances with mad steps on the unwedded gardens of history.

7. When he tries to express his dissatisfaction in words on the white sheets.

8. When he observes a helpless child running and crying to find his mother in a violent history,

9. When he sees a man being beaten mercilessly without any reason in hard times.

10. When he sees a blood-stained shirt in this lawless land of history and dreams.

11. When words of people are ignored.

b. What do you understand by ‘this seamless city’?

Answer:

By "this seamless city", we understand a city where there is no interruption. This is a kind of city where everything moves or is exchanged in trade without any barriers. This seamless city might also signify Kathmandu, where plenty of disorders are common. Here we can find illegal activities, pollution, the struggles of poor people, so-called rituals and reasons, useless posters, and political gossip.  

c. Describe the poor children portrayed in the poem.

Answer:

The speaker has mentioned the poor children in the second and third stanzas of the poem. Here, poor children are portrayed in their miserable conditions in the fascinating city of Kathmandu. These children are homeless and parentless. They have been shown crying with hunger and poverty under the bat-bearing trees of Kesharmahal in Thamel. These children seem deprived of the fundamental rights mentioned in the constitution. The trees have been presented with blood-sucking mammals and bats just above the heads of poor and hungry kids. The city of ceremonies, mad steps of dance, and romance is quite indifferent towards these poor children. Here, a small, poor boy has been shown running around crying to find his mother in the corridors of violent history.  

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d. What do you understand by ‘the unwedded gardens of history’?

Answer: 

By "the unwedded gardens of history", we understand a history that has been biased, neglected, and untold. It is a history that hasn’t been included in the mainstream. This phrase in the poem has deeper meanings. The poet uses this phrase to make all his readers realize the true value of Nepal’s lands (gardens), which are rich and hold varied stories within. But still, these gardens haven’t been explored with their true essence. The phrase presents a kind of gap between the past and the present. This particular gap should be connected and noticed.  

e. Why was the forlorn child wailing?

Answer:

The forlorn (poor) child was wailing (crying) because his mother was lost somewhere in the corridors of violent history. He was wandering around to find his mother, who was suffering in the corridors of violent history. The poet indirectly talks about the storm over the women and girls who may be around the Thamel or unwedded Gardens of History.

Answer in short:

A forlorn child was crying because he found his mother missing in the corridors of violent history.

f. What do you understand by ‘soft storm’?

Answer:

The storm moves violently or furiously, but the poet creates a soft storm that calms down, and the magma that is suppressed to erupt is volcanic lava. Such a soft storm is an internally consolidated feeling of revolution and oppression due to the chaotic and behaviourless society. The poet dislikes these situations, so the ocean of the poet's heart is rising with a stormy temperature, but it has not exploded.  

Alternative Answer:

By 'soft storm' we understand the inner turbulent feelings of the speaker in an environment of chaotic land and its society.  Storm simply means bad weather but to associate soft with storm, it means turbulent times which the poet sees in his lawless society.

g. Why does the speaker call our time ‘mad time’? 

Answer:

The speaker calls our time 'mad time' because he feels upset seeing so many inhuman activities around. For those without power, the situation has been harsh. They may be buried under divine debris or various natural calamities. The speaker finds that a man has been brutally beaten for no reason, creating a chaotic, merciless, and grim culture everywhere during this time. This time is so troubling because the speaker experiences unusual changes in his surroundings. He finds flowers over the stones, the moon singing of so-called aspects of the valley, mad steps of people, cries of hunger and pain, lawlessness, barbarism, rhododendron in winter, violence, etc.  

Alternative Answer: 

The speaker calls our time 'mad time' in the sense that this time is not under the control of the constitution or the law of the nation. He sees corruption everywhere in society, favouritism, political and social injustice among people, animal laws in practice and degradation of nature.

h. What does the speaker want to do in “hard times”?

Answer:

In "hard times", the speaker wants to end his soft storm in one's little sky and at his feet. He wants it to melt like a rainbow and turn his aggressive thoughts into a creative, beautiful natural dance. He wants to transform it into an atmosphere of love and flow in the waves of someone on his lake so that someone becomes generous. 

Alternative Answer:

The speaker wants to melt like a rainbow in "hard times" because he is soft-hearted by nature.

REFERENCE TO THE CONTEXT 

a. The poet uses the word ‘soft’ with the words like ‘storm’ and ‘gale’, which generally refer to disorder and violence. What effect does the poet achieve through the use of such anomalous expressions? 

Answer:

By anomalous expressions, we mean those sentences that are grammatically correct but seem meaningless in terms of meaning. The most famous examples in poetry are 'soft storms' and 'tenderness rose like a gale,' which are normal yet contradictory. Through this, the poet achieves psychological, social, political, and environmental impacts. He combines two opposing ideas to express his inner experiences, which he feels in a contemporary oppressed society.  

b. What is the speaker's attitude towards the time mentioned in the poem? 

Answer:

Here in this poem, we find the observation and analysis of the speaker during the night. He seems to be traveling under the moon and experiencing many unexpected and unusual things in his valley. Here, we find his negative attitude towards the time. He finds 'mad time' in a seamless city where most things are moving and happening in a very lawless manner. He finds societies, people, and things going in the wrong direction. His attitude towards the time makes him feel upset. He experiences hard times everywhere in his city due to disorder and lawlessness. 

c. What is the speaker like? Is he a rebel? Why? Why not? 

Answer:

The speaker looks like a rebel. He seems quite dissatisfied to find his city out of control. He experiences unusual things happening in his surroundings. As he observes the things around him, he starts analyzing the situations and becoming a rebel. He seems completely dissatisfied and expresses his anger through his words. We can find his rebellious nature in the lines of the poem. He seems to oppose all these unusual things happening in his surroundings. Here, his rebellious nature is not presented in a radical form; rather, it is shown in a soft and suppressed manner.

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d. Explain the stanza below in your own words:

I became soft

when I saw

a blood-stained shirt

speaking in the earth’s ears

with bruised human lips

in the far corner

under the moon

of history and dreams

playing hide and seek

in open museums

of human times.

Answer:

Explanation: These lines are taken from Abhi Subedi's poem "Soft Storm." Here, in the fourth stanza of the poem, the speaker expresses his feelings, which he has experienced in his city during the nighttime.  

Here we find the use of different imageries by the speaker, which makes him feel upset about his place and people in complete disorder. The speaker expresses his uneasy feelings when he sees a person in a miserable condition during the night. The speaker feels softness when he sees a person in pain with a blood-stained shirt. The person is lying on the ground under the moon. The man with his bruised lips tries to call out for help, but the land of history and dreams under the moon and its people seem quite indifferent towards the victim. The play of hide and seek is seen among people where there is no room for humanity. The open museum of human time refers to the lawless era where people are quite indifferent and self-centered.  

REFERENCE BEYOND THE TEXT 

a. Write an essay, highlighting your dissatisfaction towards social, cultural, economic and political issues prevailing in Nepal at present.

Answer:

My Dissatisfaction towards various Issues Prevailing in Nepal at Present

My name is Suraj Bhatt. I am a teacher by profession. I am a citizen of Nepal. Nepal is a small but beautiful country. I feel proud to be a citizen of this beautiful country. Various issues are prevailing in Nepal at present which make me feel upset. Different people with different mindsets have their own likes and dislikes. In the present time, I am really disappointed to see social, cultural, economic, and political issues moving on the wrong path and against the people. Everywhere there is corruption and greed among people. There is no sense of humanity and welfare. We find disorders and lawlessness in the present time. People are quite indifferent towards each other. Selfishness has blinded people in the worst way. I feel upset to see these varieties of issues in my surroundings. Following are the issues that I oppose all the time.  

Social issue:

A social issue is a problem that affects many people within a society. It is a group of common problems in present-day society and ones that many people strive to solve. It is often the result of factors beyond an individual's control. I am quite against communalism, casteism, regionalism, poverty, gender discrimination, etc. These problems are destroying our country each day.  

Cultural issue:

A cultural issue is a problem that occurs when culture conflicts with systems, goals, or other cultures. Most cases in Nepal are connected to cultural issues. People of different cultural groups are seen struggling for their cultural identities. They seem more concerned about their cultural identities than with the concept of nationalism. Due to this issue, Nepal is facing an unexpected crisis most of the time.  

Economic issue:

In Nepal, the economic issue is one of the major problems. The government of Nepal is facing this issue most of the time. This issue has always been part of Nepal's economic decline. Political instability, widespread corruption, landlocked location, difficult topography, poor infrastructure, a poorly trained and educated workforce, and a weak policy and regulatory environment have been some of the key hindrances to economic growth. I oppose all these leaders of Nepal for the poor economic status, where the poor have miserable lives.  

Political issue:

This is one of the worst problems in Nepal, due to which the government of Nepal has been facing lots of problems for many years. It is the main cause behind all the crises in Nepal. Here in this country, those who don’t know about politics are leading ignorant people. Everywhere, there is gossip related to politics and parties. Politics and its fields have become a source of income for all. People are living with so-called political faith. Money plays a crucial role in this dirty game of politics. The election system, votes for candidates, etc., depend on monetary power. Due to this political issue, the whole country is facing more problems each day.  

b. Suppose you are a rebel, wants to change the society by eliminating malpractices and anomalies prevailing in society. Draft a speech outlining your vision for change.

Answer:

Good morning everyone.

Respected chief guests, ladies and gentlemen, and my dear friends. I am Suraj Bhatt. I would like to welcome you all to this program. I would like to thank all the members of our society who are present here with unity to fight against all the malpractices and anomalies prevalent in our society. The development of society is directly connected with the development of the entire nation. When societies progress, the nation itself moves forward on the path of progress. In the present time, talking about most societies of Nepal, there are varieties of malpractices and anomalies prevalent. These negative aspects of society have made our societies weak and backward. These malpractices and anomalies are the major factors that hinder the development of our society as well as our country. Our country Nepal is facing many social problems at present. There are varieties of problems, such as the caste system, child labor, child marriage, alcoholism, illiteracy, gender inequality, superstition, religious conflict, and so on. Most Nepalese societies oppose all these negative aspects, but these aspects have moved ahead at a fast and alarming pace. It's time to raise our voices against all these malpractices and anomalies. We should unite to root out all these bad aspects of our societies. In the context of our society, we have seen all these negative aspects in front of our eyes. We have seen the young generation of our society addicted to alcoholism. If we can't control this negative aspect in time, we will have to face a dark future for our society. Still, there is biased behavior among people regarding caste class. People are still discriminated against in the name of lower castes. In the 21st century, people are still struggling for their identities. We have seen the problems of child labor and child marriage in our society. Our constitution has mentioned the rights of children in various acts. Small kids are the future of the nation. It is our social responsibility to care for our society's children, whether they are going to school or forced into labor. We should unite to protest child marriage. Kids are not for labor or marriage. They should be encouraged to study. We should always try our best to eliminate these malpractices from our society. We should always be ready to educate illiterate people. Education should be given priority all the time. Problems like gender inequality, superstition, and religious conflict are serious issues that bring upheavals in our society. Society never progresses if these evils exist. We have to be serious about these problems and act against all these to create an ideal society. At last, I would like to request all my society's members once again to act against all these malpractices and anomalies prevalent in our society. Thank you very much.  

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CHAPTERWISE SUMMARIES & SOLUTIONS NEB CLASS 12 ENGLISH GUIDE  [ C. ENG & M. ENG]

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