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| Neb English Support Class 12 |
Unit: 2 Family [Family]
BEFORE YOU READ
a. Do you live in a small family or a big family? Which type of family do you like? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I live in a big family. I like a big family because a big family allows us to live with family members all the time.
b. How important is family to you? How important is it in your culture?
Answer:
Family is quite important to me. In my culture, the concept of family is given much importance. My culture always teaches me the value of my family in my life.
WORKING WITH WORDS
A. Find the words from the text and solve the puzzle. Clues are given below.
ACROSS
1. the custom of having more than one wife at the same time: Polygamy
5. to find an acceptable way of dealing with opposing ideas, needs etc.: Reconcile (Answer is correct | textbook's diagram is wrong)
6. the process in which towns, streets, etc. are built where there was once countryside: Urbanization
7. the process by which somebody learns to behave in an acceptable way in their society: Socialization
DOWN
1. ruled or controlled by men: Patriarchal
2. the act of taking over a position: Domination
3. done in a way without caring if people are shocked: Blatant
4. single-parent: Lone parent
B. Find the meanings of the following family-related words and use them in your own sentences.
nuclear family, monogamy, sibling-in-law, milk kinship, matrilineal, nepotism, maternity
nuclear family:
Meaning:
A family unit consisting of two parents (traditionally a mother and a father) and their children.
Sentence:
My nuclear family is quite away from the concept of joint relationships.
monogamy:
Meaning:
The practice of being married to one person as opposed to multiple.
Sentence:
I think the people of this society believe in the fine concept of monogamy.
sibling-in-law:
Meaning:
A relative of one's generation, separated by one degree of marriage:
The sibling of one's spouse.
The spouse of one's sibling.
Sentence:
My sibling-in-law is so stubborn in every aspect.
milk kinship:
Meaning:
Milk relationship between brothers and sisters.
Sentence:
These two kids have milk kinship.
matrilineal:
Meaning:
Tracing descent only through female ancestors.
Sentence:
This rural district has traditionally matrilineal inheritance.
nepotism:
Meaning:
The favouring of relatives or personal friends because of their relationship rather than because of their abilities.
Sentence:
Nowadays nepotism plays a vital role in the Bollywood industry.
maternity:
Meaning:
The state of being a mother; motherhood.
Sentence:
She has got her maternity leave from her office.
C. The following words are from the above text. Each word has two parts.
polygamy, unmarried, nontraditional, dissolution, inequitable
poly, un, non, dis and in are prefixes. They make new words when they are added to the beginning of other root words.
Make at least five words using the prefixes given. Consult a dictionary to learn how they change the meaning of root words.
pre-, semi-, sub-, mis-, mono-, un-, in-, inter-.
Pre-
Pre-election, Pre-action, Pre-required, Pre-arrange, Premature
semi-
Semi-final, Semi-angry, Semi-fast, Semi-liquid, Semi-liquid
sub-
Sub-judge, Sub-problem, Sub-zero, Sub-system, Sub-superstition
mis-
Misleading, Misfire, Misconception, Misguided, Misdeed
mono-
Monopoly, Monogamy, Mono-brown, Mono-Fracture, Monogram
un-
Undo, Unlike, Unkind, UnAmerican, Unfair
in-
Inability, Inactive, Intake, Intalk, Intactly
inter-
International, Interaction, Interschool, Inter-continental, Interconnection
COMPREHENSION
A. The headings of the first five paragraphs of the above text are given below.
Write paragraph number next to them.
a. Patriarchal family: Third paragraph
b. Functions of the family: Second paragraph
c. Modern model of family: Fifth paragraph
d. Effects of industrialization on family structure: Fourth paragraph
e. Defining family: First paragraph
B. Answer the following questions.
a. What type of family is thought to be the oldest form of the family?
Answer:
The nuclear family is thought to be the oldest form of the family.
b. How does a family provide security to its members?
Answer:
A family provides security to its members by providing them with both mental and physical support. Family security is quite an important aspect. A family protects all its members against pressures from the outside world and gives them the confidence to confront the challenges.
c. What were the features of medieval European family?
Answer:
The features of the mediaeval European family were as follows:
1. A male-dominated family
2. Extended family
d. What caused the dissolution of extended families in the West?
Answer:
Various factors caused the dissolution of extended families in the West. Those factors were industrialization, urbanization, and the migration of unmarried youths from rural to metropolitan areas to work.
e. What change occurred in gender role in the modern family that emerged after the Industrial Revolution?
Answer:
After the Industrial Revolution, a change occurred in gender roles in the modern family. The patriarchal rule provided equality to both men and women. The responsibilities of men and women in the modern family have changed. They performed their shared responsibilities. Men started to work outside in different occupations, and women had to care for their children at home.
f. What is family law?
Answer:
Family law is the area of private law related to family matters and domestic relations. Family law differs from culture to culture. It includes various aspects of the family, such as the parameters of marriage, the status of children, and the succession of property from one generation to the next.
g. How is modern marriage defined?
Answer:
Modern marriage is defined as a formal union and social and legal contract between two individuals, especially men and women, that unites their lives legally, economically, and emotionally.
h. What do special family courts try to do?
Answer:
Special family courts try to focus their attention on various sensitive issues related to the family. They try to deal more fairly with sensitive issues such as divorce and custody of children.
i. What does the legislation on child labour and child abuse declare?
Answer:
The legislation on child labour and child abuse declares society's responsibility for a child's best interests.
j. What is common among most legal systems regarding property?
Answer:
Regarding property, the claim for the property by the spouse or offspring after the death of the head of the family is common among most legal systems. The family members can claim for the distribution of the property without having a will after the death of the head of the family.
Read 👉 One-act Play Facing Death by August Strindberg Summary & Solution
CRITICAL THINKING
a. What changes have started to occur in Nepali families in recent days? What impacts will they bring on the society? Discuss.
Answer:
In recent days, Nepali families have seen a lot of adoption of modern trends. Families in Nepali societies are on the verge of changing their living styles. Most Nepali families are seen migrating from rural areas to urban areas. They are seeking new and better opportunities for themselves. The number of families in the villages as well as rural areas is decreasing. The youths of the villages or rural areas have migrated to the urban areas, leaving their old relatives in the villages. Most Nepali societies lack youth manpower. The lives of elderly people in the villages aren't good at all. Due to the lack of family members, elderly people in the villages are spending their lives in loneliness. The relationship between blood has even become weaker in the present time. Most Nepalese families have been seen parted in recent days. Due to the lack of members in the societies, there is no sense of love, affection, care, cooperation, security, peace, and harmony among the people of the societies.
This migration of families will have negative impacts on the relationships of the people as well as the status of the societies. Following are some of the impacts they have on society:
1. The relationship between people will be weaker.
2. Societies will face a lack of youth manpower.
3. It will directly affect the development of societies.
4. Elderly people will have to face a miserable life because of a lack of proper support and care.
5. The relationship between humans will also be weaker.
6. Selfishness among people will be seen.
b. We see many elderly people in the elderly homes these days in Nepal. Some of them are abandoned while others live there willingly. Do you think Nepali people are deviating from their traditional culture? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, I think Nepali people are deviating from their traditional culture. In the context of Nepal and its people, Nepali people are quite far from their traditional culture. The condition of elderly people in Nepali society isn't so good. They are seen as biassed or discriminated against all the time. Most elderly people are spending their lives in elderly homes nowadays. Some of them are staying in old-age homes willingly, and some are abandoned. They are in a miserable state and quite unhappy in their old age. Nepali people have forgotten their traditional culture of love, affection, and respect. For them, elderly people are a kind of burden. The present culture and its norms and values have made people so selfish and greedy. In the present time, people are too careless towards their parents. They treat them in a very disrespectful way and want to be away from them. In the past, people worshipped their parents as gods and served them for their entire lives. Traditional culture had its positive impacts on people during that time. In the present time, people don't have any feelings regarding their parents or traditional culture. The selfish and greedy nature of people has made them heartless. Due to their selfish attitude, most elderly people are suffering from a variety of problems. Most Nepali people want to live in a nuclear family, leaving their old parents in villages or rural areas. They have forgotten the fact that they will also grow older one day and suffer similarly to the elderly.
WRITING
A. Write an essay on The Importance of Family. In your essay, you can use these guiding questions.
• Why family is important to you.
• Why family is or is not important for society.
• How you think families will change in the future.
Answer:
The Importance of Family
By family, we mean a group of people related by blood, friendship, marriage, law, or custom, especially if they live or work together. The term 'family' is quite an important term that provides us with a feeling of pride. Most people in the world believe in familial relationships and spend their entire lives living, caring for, and sharing with their family members. A family always provides security and care to its members. In families, relationships play a very vital role. Family members are connected and perform their duties accordingly. Living a family life means living a secure life where members are cared for, loved, obeyed, and respected.
People in the world prefer to live in both big and small families. Nowadays, most people are seen living in small families. In my case, I always prefer to live my life in a joint family where the value of relationships is so high. My family is very important to me because I believe in familial relationships. My life is a wonderful gift for me that has been gifted to me by my parents. My life is running happily and smoothly only because of my family and its members. I feel proud to be a part of my lovely family. I feel lucky to get love and support all the time from my family members. I have realised the value of relationships in this family.
Family is important for every society. Societies are formed with the help of different families. In societies, families are seen living with cooperation. The people in society are linked culturally. They spend their entire lives sharing and caring for each other. People of different families follow their norms and values in their society and try to live their lives in peace and harmony. I think families will change in the future. As we know about the changes over the course of time, Everything changes according to time and situations. In the present time, we find various changes in the roles of family members. Women are also seen working outside in different occupations. In the past, they used to be limited in their household tasks and care for their family members. But the change in time has brought a change in the roles of family members. I think the concept of the extended family will disappear in the upcoming future, and familial relationships will also decrease along with it. People will try to spend their lives in their small families away from extended familial relationships.
B. Some people think it is better to live in a nuclear family. Other people think that living in extended family is more advantageous. What do you think? Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of both.
Answer:
I think family is quite an important aspect that provides us with a sense of security, love, and various other things that we need in our lives. Family life is considered a life of support and care. Most people in the world have families. People spend their lives living a family life with their family members. People in the world live in both the nuclear family and the extended family. They prefer to spend their lives in both types of families, according to their choices. Living life in a family depends on people's interests and benefits. In the present time, most people want to spend their lives in a nuclear family. People are quite away from relationships. They desire to have a small family with only a few members.
Both families have some advantages and some disadvantages.
1. Advantages and disadvantages of living in a nuclear family:
a. A nuclear family consists of fewer family members where the demands of family members can be easily fulfilled.
b. Family members in the nuclear family feel it is easy to care for other members.
c. We find a lack of all the relatives in a nuclear family.
d. There is less noise pollution in the nuclear family.
e. Nuclear family members have to face economic disadvantages.
f. The condition of women in the nuclear family is fine.
g. We discover insecurity among the children in the nuclear family.
h. Loneliness can affect members of the nuclear family.
2. Advantages and disadvantages of living in an extended family:
a. There is a sense of security among family members in an extended family.
b. There is noise pollution in an extended family.
c. Relationships are given much preference, and bonding between the members is mostly seen.
d. The head of the family remains a decision-maker and faces all sorts of hardships.
e. Grandparents and grandchildren are seen closer to each other.
f. Privacy in an extended family is paralysed.
g. More visitors are seen in an extended family.
h. Interference from old members is mostly seen.
GRAMMAR
Modal Verbs
A. Study the given sentences carefully.
a. Please read this letter for me. I can't see without my glasses.
b. After working for a couple of years in China, I can speak Chinese now.
c. When he was 40, he could earn six digit salary.
d. After six hours' climbing, we were able to reach the summit.
e. Yesterday, I lost my keys. I looked for them everywhere but I couldn't find.
B. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
a. 'How much was your parking ticket?' 'Fifty rupees.' 'Oh well, it ………… been worse.'
i. could have ii. must have iii. should have
Answer: could have
b. It …………. got lost in the post. These things happen sometimes.
i. can't have ii. might have iii. must have
Answer: might have
c. 'Sorry I'm late. I got delayed at work.' 'You ……….. called. I was really worried about you.'
i. must have ii. could have iii. would have
Answer: could have
d. 'I don't think he meant to be rude.' 'He ……… said sorry.'
i. must have ii. might have iii. would have
Answer: must have
e. 'Whose signature is this?' 'I don't know. It ……….. be Manoj's. That looks a bit like an M.'
i. must ii. could iii. should
Answer: could
f. I had it when I left the office so I ………. lost it on the way to home.
i. mustn't have ii. must have iii. should have
Answer: must have
g. You ……….. think it's funny, but I think it's pathetic.
i. might ii. should iii. could
Answer: might
C. Complete the following sentences with appropriate endings. Use correct modal verbs.
Example: She could be a doctor; however,…………….…………… .
: She could be a doctor; however, she preferred to be an advocate.
a. At the end of the course, …………….……………
Answer:
At the end of the course, students must take an exam.
b. If you want to earn a lot of money, ………………
Answer:
If you want to earn a lot of money, you should do hard work.
c. You were not in your house yesterday. You……………………
Answer:
You were not in your house yesterday. You might have been in Johny's house.
d. I'm quite busy tomorrow. I…………………………
Answer:
I'm quite busy tomorrow. I could be in my office all day long.
e. When you were a small kid …………………………
Answer:
When you were a small kid, you used to cry a lot.
f. My car is broken. I ………………………………………
Answer:
My car is broken. I must call a mechanic.
g. I've got a fast speed internet at home. I ……….
Answer:
I've got a fast speed internet at home. I must create a website.
h. Even though she didn't study well, she ………………………………..
Answer:
Even though she didn't study well, she might pass her board examination.
i. There are plenty of newspapers in the library. You ...........……………….. if you want.
Answer:
There are plenty of newspapers in the library. You can take old newspapers if you want.
j. What do you think you were doing, playing in the road? You …………….....
Answer:
What do you think you were doing, playing in the road? You should pay attention towards your study.
k. I have no time. I ……...............
Answer:
I have no time. I can't wait for the bus.
l. You don't look well. You …………..
Answer:
You don't look well. You should go to hospital.
SPEAKING
Arguing/defending a point
A. Act out the given conversation in pairs.
Son: Dad, I want to ask you a favour.
Father: What's it?
Son: Our class is going for an educational tour. Can I go with them?
Father: No, my dear. This is not a suitable time for a tour.
Son: Why, dad? It's spring. The weather is okay and the temperature is also fine everywhere.
Father: No, not now. Covid -19 pandemic is at its peak and the government has warned us to stay inside.
Son: Yes, but we'll take every precaution. And, what's more, we'll wash hands as frequently as possible.
B. Here are some expressions that you can use to argue or defend a point.
Learn them.
a. The main idea/thing is …......
b. The most important idea is …......
c. The primary argument for ….... is ….....
d. In addition to that, …......
e. Not to mention the fact that ….......
f. I agree/admit that ......…, but we must remember that …..........
C. Work in pairs. Have a conversation in the given situations.
a. You are against the idea of keeping animals in the zoo but one of your friends disagrees.
I: I don't like the way people keep animals in the zoo. Animals shouldn't be trapped in cages.
Rajiv: I don't favour your opinions, my dear.
I: Why? Don't you feel bad to see these caged animals?
Rajiv: Your opinions don't have any logic. No, I don't feel bad to see them inside the cages. The most important thing is that the caged animals are well fed and secured in the zoo.
I: I agree with your opinion too, but we must remember that the animals also have the right to live freely.
Rajiv: Yes, that's true. But I don't think that the animals inside cages suffer. Instead, they are seen enjoying every moment.
b. You want to study during your leisure time but your sister insists on playing games.
I: Now, it's my leisure time. I should utilise my leisure time, as I have to complete my homework.
Sister: Let's play games outside in the garden, shall we?
I: No, sister. We should focus on our studies. Leisure time should always be utilised while doing the study.
Sister: I agree, but we must remember that games are also important for our health. In addition to that, games make us energetic and mentally active.
I: Yes, you are right. But I have to finish my assignments for school. The most important thing for me is my study. Sorry, I can't accompany you.
c. Your parents want you to study what they want but you don't agree.
Parents: Babu, you should join the science faculty after SEE.
I: Sorry, I can't do that. I'm too weak in science. In addition to that, I won't secure good marks in this field.
Parents: You should follow the advice of your parents. Most students study according to their parents' will. The most important idea is choosing science, and it can help you throughout your life.
I: Sorry, Mom and Dad. I'm going to join the arts faculty with a major in English. The main thing is that I'm the student, not you.
Parents: We agree with that. But we must remember that choosing the right subject can be fruitful for your future.
I: Yes, you are right. But I'm good at English and prefer to study it further.
d. Your friend wants to do a job but you want to start your own business.
Friend: Suraj, Today is my interview for a job at a multimedia company. After selection, I will be in the post of sales officer.
I: Don't go for the interview, my dear. Try to start your own business by investing some money. Doing a job under others' command isn't good at all. It's quite difficult.
Friend: Yes, friend. I agree with that. But we must remember that businesses also need a lot of money to start. In addition to that, my economic status isn't good enough to run a business myself.
I: Yes, that's true. But if you have a good proposal related to your business, you can get a business loan from the bank. Try to be the owner of your own business.
Friend: It sounds good, my dear. But the main thing for me is to achieve a fine job in my life. After doing this job for some years, I'm intending to run my own business.
I: That's a fine idea, too.
e. You want to go to a concert but your friend wants to go to a movie.
I: Let's move to a concert, my dear, shall we?
Ramesh: But we planned for the cinema last day.
I: That's true. But I have heard about a grand concert near the park and even the arrival of popular singers from Pokhara.
Ramesh: I agree with your views. But I don't like singing at concerts. In addition to that, I hate extreme noise pollution.
I: Oh! But I prefer a concert, my dear. The most important thing is that a concert provides us with a chance to watch a live presentation.
Ramesh: I agree with that. But the choice also matters, dear. Sorry, I can't give you company.
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